PENGARUH BAHAN PEREKAT DAN WAKTU REDUKSI PADA PEMBUATAN BRIKET SPONGE DARI BIJIH BESI LOKAL[Effect of Binder and Reduction Time in The Preparation of Sponge Iron Briquette from Local Iron Ore]
Abstract
PENGARUH BAHAN PEREKAT DAN WAKTU REDUKSI PADA PEMBUATAN BRIKET SPONGE
DARI BIJIH BESI LOKAL. Besi sponge merupakan produk antara dalam pembuatan besi-baja melalui proses
reduksi langsung bijih besi. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat besi sponge dari bijih besi lokal yang hasilnya dapat
dimanfaatkan oleh industri besar ataupun industri kecil yang menggunakan dapur kupola. Metode yang
digunakan adalah eksperimen laboratorium untuk menentukan kondisi proses yang optimal dalam pembuatan
briket sponge. Dari percobaan yang dilakukan pada temperatur reduksi 1150 °C, untuk perekat bentonit
diperoleh sponge dengan metalisasi optimal sebesar 96 % dengan waktu reduksi 40 menit. Briket sponge dengan
perekat aci mengalami metalisasi sedikit lebih baik dari briket berperekat bentonit. Yaitu 84,26 % dibanding
83,59 % pada reduksi 60 menit, dimana berat jenis lebih besar 4,87 g/cm3 dibanding 3,37 g/cm3 dengan jumlah
pengotor lebih kecil akan tetapi mudah pecah. Briket sponge-bentonit mempunyai titik leleh 1522 °C, berhasil
dilebur dalam tungku induksi listrik pada temperatur 1541 °C. Pada titik lebur sponge tersebut kupola udara
dingin diperkirakan belum mampu untuk digunakan melebur sponge, dalam hal ini diperlukan kupola udara
panas. Temperatur reduksi yang relatif rendah (1150 °C), dimaksudkan untuk mempermudah penyediaan
peralatan reduksi dan pengoperasiannya. Prospek hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa briket sponge dengan perekat
bentonit berpeluang besar menjadi umpan kupola, karena secara fisik tidak mudah pecah. Briket sponge
berperekat aci berpeluang sebagai umpan tungku induksi listrik, karena akan menghasilkan slag yang lebih
sedikit disebabkan perekat akan menguap dalam pemanasan. Briket yang mudah pecah dapat digerus
menghasilkan sponge halus untuk penggunaan dalam pengolahan air buangan.
Abstract
EFFECT OF BINDER AND REDUCTION TIME IN THE PREPARATION OF SPONGE IRON
BRIQUETTE FROM LOCAL IRON ORE. Sponge Iron is an intermediate product in Iron and Steel production
through Direct Reduction process of iron ore. In this experiment, sponge iron was made from local iron ore as
feed for big Industry and small one that use cupola furnace. The method used was laboratory experiment to find
optimum process condition on sponge Iron briquette preparation. From experiment at 1150 ° C , reduction time
40 minutes using bentonite as binder, the optimum sponge metalization of 96 % was obtained. Sponge briquette
with starch binder has a slightly better metalization compared to sponge with bentonite binder. Namely 84.26
% and 83.59 % respectively at 60 minutes redution time. The densities are 4.87 g/cm3 and 3.37 g/cm3
respectively. Although starch binded sponge contain less impurities, it is more brittle than bentonite binded
sponge. Bentonite binded sponge which has a melting point of 1522 ° C was melted in induction furnace at 1541
°C. It is predicted that melting at these temperature using cupola furnace will require a hot blast instead of
cold blast cupola. The relatively low reduction temperature of 1150 °C used in the experiment was chosen so
that reduction equipment was easy to build and operated. The prospect of the experimental results is that
bentonite binded sponge would be suitable as feed of cupola melting furnace due to its better crushing strength.
Starch binded sponge is suitable for induction furnace feed , due to its small impurities that will produce a
minimum slag. The britle and easily disintegrated starch binded sponge when pulvuriced to powder can be used
in waste water treatment.
Keywords
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