Microstructural Stability and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi High Entropy Alloy

Fadhli Muhammad, Ernyta Mei Lestari, Tria Laksana Achmad, Akhmad Ardian Korda, Budi Prawara, Djoko Hadi Prajitno, Bagus Hayatul Jihad, Muhamad Hananuputra Setianto, Eddy Agus Basuki

Abstract

Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi is a high-entropy alloy composed of transition metals, specifically designed for high-temperature applications owing to its favorable mechanical properties, high melting point, and excellent high-temperature resistance. This alloy has been identified as a promising material for space exploration, particularly in the fabrication of combustion chambers and rocket nozzles by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency. Ongoing alloy development involves modifying the elemental composition. This study reduced aluminum content in the equiatomic AlCoCrCuFeNi alloy to Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi, followed by isothermal oxidation treatments at 800, 900, and 1000℃. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the microstructure stability and oxidation behavior of the Al0.25CoCrCuFeNi alloy. The alloying elements were melted using a single DC electric arc furnace, followed by homogenization at 1100°C for 10 hours in an inert atmosphere. Subsequently, samples were cut into coupons for isothermal oxidation testing at the desired temperatures for 2, 16, 40, and 168 hours. The oxidized samples were characterized using XRD (x-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) equipped with EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), optical microscopy, and Vickers hardness testing. The as-homogenized alloy consisted of two constituent phases: an FCC (face-centered cubic) phase in the dendritic region and a copper-rich FCC phase in the inter-dendritic region. The oxides formed during the oxidation process included Al2O3, Cr2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, CuO, NiO, and spinel oxides (Co,Ni,Cu)(Al,Cr,Fe)2O4), with distinct formation mechanisms at each temperature.

Keywords

High-entropy alloy; isothermal oxidation; FCC structure; high temperature; phase stability

Full Text:

PDF

References

A. Turchi, D. Bianchi, F. Nasuti, and M. Onofri, “A numerical approach for the study of the gas–surface interaction in carbon–phenolic solid rocket nozzles,” Aerosp Sci Technol, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 25-31, 2013. Doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2012.06.003.

C. Katsarelis, P. Chen, P. Gradl, C. Protz, Z. Jones, D. Ellis, and L. Evans, “Additive manufacturing of NASA HR-1 material for liquid rocket engine component applications,” JANNAF Dec, p. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20200001007, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20200001007/downloads/20200001007.pdf%0Ahttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20200001007

Md. Shahwaz, P. Nath, and I. Sen, “A critical review on the microstructure and mechanical properties correlation of additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys,” J Alloys Compd, vol. 907, pp. 164530, 2022. Doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164530.

T. M. Pollock and S. Tin, “Nickel-based superalloys for advanced turbine engines: Chemistry, microstructure and properties,” J Propuls Power, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 361-374, 2006. Doi: 10.2514/1.18239.

W. Xia, X. Zhao, L. Yue, and Z. Zhang, “A review of composition evolution in Ni-based single crystal superalloys,” J Mater Sci Technol, vol. 44, pp. 76-95, 2020. Doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2020.01.026.

Y. Zhang, T. T. Zuo, Z. Tang, M. C. Gao, K. A. Dahmen, P. K. Liaw, and Z. P. Lu, “Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys,” Prog Mater Sci, vol. 61, pp. 1-93, 2014. Doi: 10.1016/J.PMATSCI.2013.10.001.

J. W. Yeh, “Recent progress in high-entropy alloys,” Annales de Chimie: Science des Materiaux, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 633-648, 2006. Doi: 10.3166/acsm.31.633-648.

T. Wang, W. Jiang, X. Wang, B. Jiang, C. Rong, Y. Wang, J. Yang, and D. Zhu, “Microstructure and properties of Al0.5NbTi3VxZr2 refractory high entropy alloys combined with high strength and ductility,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 24, pp. 1733-1743, 2023. Doi: 10.1016/J.JMRT.2023.03.103.

D. B. Miracle and O. N. Senkov, “A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts,” Acta Mater, vol. 122, no. October, pp. 448-511, 2017. Doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.081.

J. Lu, G. Ren, Y. Chen, H. Zhang, L. Li, A. Huang, X. Liu, H. Cai, X. Shan, L. Luo, X. Zhang, and X. Zhao, “Unraveling the oxidation mechanism of an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy at 1100 °C,” Corros Sci, vol. 209, pp. 110736, 2022. Doi: 10.1016/J.CORSCI.2022.110736.

T. M. Butler and M. L. Weaver, “Oxidation behavior of arc melted AlCoCrFeNi multi-component high-entropy alloys,” J Alloys Compd, vol. 674, pp. 229-244, 2016. Doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.02.257.

T. M. Butler, M. J. Pavel, and M. L. Weaver, “The effect of annealing on the microstructures and oxidation behaviors of AlCoCrFeNi complex concentrated alloys,” J Alloys Compd, vol. 956, pp. 170391, 2023. Doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170391.

S. Guo, C. Ng, J. Lu, and C. T. Liu, “Effect of valence electron concentration on stability of fcc or bcc phase in high entropy alloys,” J Appl Phys, vol. 109, no. 10, 2011. Doi: 10.1063/1.3587228.

A. Takeuchi and A. Inoue, “Calculations of mixing enthalpy and mismatch entropy for ternary amorphous alloys,” Materials Transactions, JIM, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1372–1378, 2000. Doi: 10.2320/matertrans1989.41.1372.

Y. Y. Liu, Z. Chen, Y. Z. Chen, J. C. Shi, Z. Y. Wang, S. Wang, and F. Liu, “Effect of Al content on high-temperature oxidation resistance of AlxCoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloys (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2),” Vacuum, vol. 169, pp. 108837, 2019. Doi: 10.1016/J.VACUUM.2019.108837.

J. Lee, H. Jeon, D. G. Oh, J. Szanyi, and J. H. Kwak, “Morphology-dependent phase transformation of γ-Al2O3,” Appl Catal A Gen, vol. 500, pp. 58-68, 2015.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/metalurgi.2024.745
Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share