PENGARUH PENEMPAAN DAN PERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN KETAHANAN KOROSI PADA MODIFIKASI BAJA LATERIT A-588

Miftakhur - Rohmah

Abstract

High strength low alloy (HSLA) yang diaplikasikan menjadi baja tahan cuaca merupakan terobosan terbaru untuk menghasilkan sifat mekanik dan ketahanan korosi yang tinggi. Modifikasi Baja Laterit dengan penambahan kadar nikel yang diterapkan proses termomekanikal (TMCP) berupa kombinasi proses penempaan panas dan perlakuan panas menjadi fokusan penelitian ini. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan Baja Laterit A-588 hasil investment casting yang telah ditambahkan kadar nikel sebesar 1, 2, dan 3% kemudian diproses penempaan panas dengan pembebanan 100 ton pada temperatur 1050 ℃. Nikel berfungsi sebagai penstabil austenit. Variabel perlakuan panas yang digunakan yakni (1) langsung pendinginan udara, (2) dilanjutkan proses pemanasan pada temperatur 750 ℃ yang diikuti pendinginan cepat. Karakterisasi material menggunakan uji metalografi, uji keras, uji tarik, dan uji polarisasi. Pada sampel tempa panas+pendinginan udara, pertambahan kadar nikel hingga 3% mempengaruhi nilai fraksi fasa ferrit-perlit yang terbentuk, pertambahan ukuran butir hingga ±0,1 mm, penurunan kekerasan hingga 185,22 BHN, penurunan kekuatan hingga 554 MPa, dan pertambahkan elongasi sebesar 29.1%. Sedangkan pada sampel tempa panas+perlakuan panas dengan pendinginan air, pertambahan nikel hingga 3% menyebabkan terbentuknya fasa dislokasi lath martensit+ferrit+retained austenite, penurunan kekerasan hingga 236,18 BHN, penurunan kekuatan hingga 852 MPa, penurunan elongasi hingga 24,7%. Fasa retained austenite memiliki efek merusak pada sifat mekanis.

Keywords

A-588, Modifikasi Baja Laterit, Tempa Panas, Retained Austenite

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