Metallurgical Examination and Life Time Assesment of High Pressure Steam Pipes of a Palm Oil Processing Plant [Penelitian Metalurgi dan Analisa Umur Layan Pipa Uap Bertekanan Tinggi pada Sebuah Pabrik Pengolahan Minyak Kelapa Sawit]
Abstract
Steel pipes are commonly used for transporting high pressure steam from a steam generating unit or boiler to a steam turbine or other processing unit. This paper presents a metallurgical examination performed on HP steam pipes of a newly constructed plant for transporting high pressure steam from a boiler to a palm oil processing plant. The aim was to assure that the material integrity of the steam pipes meet the intended specification and reliability. In addition, the aim was also to determine the estimated service life of the steam pipes. The metallurgical examination was conducted by preparing a number of specimens from the as-received three pieces of HP steam pipes. Various laboratory examinations were performed including chemical analysis, metallographic examination, hardness testing and tensile testing at 300 °C. In addition, a life-time analysis was also made using an equation based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and data obtained from the API Standard 530. Results of the metallurgical examination obtained showed that the HP steam pipes which were made of ASTM A-106 Gr. B were all in good condition, either in microstructure or mechanical property. There were no any significant defect observed, and all the three HP steam pipes were assumed being ready to place in service. Under the intended operating pressure and temperature of 70 bar(g) and 300 °C (max), respectively it can be estimated that the HP steam pipes may likely reach some design life up to 25 years or more with the corrosion rate approximately 0.2 - 0.3 mm/year.
Abstrak
Pipa baja sering digunakan untuk menyalurkan uap bertekanan tinggi dari sebuah ketel uap menuju ke unit turbin uap atau ke unit produksi lainnya. Tulisan ini menyajikan penelitian metalurgi yang dilakukan pada sejumlah pipa uap bertekanan tinggi pada sebuah pabrik yang baru dibangun untuk menyalurkan uap bertekanan tinggi dari sebuah ketel uap menuju ke pabrik pengolahan minyak ke-lapa sawit. Tujuannya adalah untuk memastikan bahwa keterpaduan material pipa uap memiliki kesesuaian dengan spesifikasi dan kehandalan yang diinginkan. Disamping itu, tujuannya juga ada-lah untuk memperkirakan umur layan pipa uap tersebut. Pengujian metalurgi dilakukan dengan mempersiapkan sejumlah benda uji yang diambil dari tiga potongan pipa uap yang diterima, yaitu meliputi : analisa kimia, uji metalografi dan uji kekerasan serta uji tarik pada suhu 300 °C. Disamping itu, analisa umur juga dibuat menggunakan persamaan yang diambil dari ASME Boiler dan BPVC (pressure vessel code) dan dari data standar API 530. Hasil pengujian metalurgi yang diperoleh menun-jukkan bahwa pipa uap bertekanan tinggi yang dibuat dari material ASTM A-106 Gr. B seluruhnya dalam kondisi baik, baik dari segi struktur mikro maupun dari segi sifat mekanis. Hasil pengujian juga menunjukkan bahwa pada struktur mikro tidak diketemukan adanya cacat yang berarti, dan seluruh (ke tiga) pipa uap yang di uji tersebut diperkirakan dalam keadaan siap untuk dioperasikan. Pada tekanan operasi 70 bar(g) dan temperatur operasi maksimum 300 °C yang direncanakan, diperkirakan bahwa pipa uap tersebut dapat memberikan umur desain hingga 25 tahun atau lebih dengan laju korosi 0,2 - 0,3mm/tahun.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
R. Viswanathan, “Damage Mechanisms and Life Assessment of High Temperature Components”, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, pp. 201-205, 394-399, 1989
Technical Report, “Boiler Condition Assessment Guideline”, 4th edn, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 6-1 to 6-9, June 2006
API RP 571, “Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refinery Industry”, 1st edn, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, pp. 23-31, 2003
ASM Handbook, “Failure Analysis and Prevention”, vol. 11, 6th edn, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, pp. 646-651, 1998
Y. Zhang and Z. Jiang, “Reliability Analysis of Main Steam Pipe Containing De-fects”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 43, Elsevier, pp.150-155, 2012
M.A. Bergant, A.A. Yawny and J.E.P. Ipina, “Failure Assessment Diagram in Structural Integrity Analysis of Steam Generator Tubes”, Procedia Materials Science, vol. 8, Elsevier, pp. 128-138, 2015
Metals Handbook, “Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys”, vol.1, 1st print, ASM International, Material Park, Ohio, pp. 140-148, 327-333, 1990
Advanced Materials and Processes, “Guide To Engineered Materials”, ASM International, Materials Park, pp. 51-60, 2002
ASM Handbook, “Metallography and Microstructures”, vol. 9, 6th print, ASM International, Materials Park, pp. 165-196, 210-216, 1995
E8/E8M ASTM A-370, “Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials”, vol. 14. 02, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, New York, pp. 3-10, 2009
ASME BPVC Section I, “Rules for Construction of Power Boilers”, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, pp. 13-14, 2007
API Standard 530, “Calculation of Heater-Tube Thickness in Petroleum Refineries”, 5th edn, American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, pp. 48-49, 2004
ASME BPVC Section II Part A, “Ferrous Materials Specification”, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, pp. 205-220, 2007
ASME BPVC Section II Part D, “Materials Properties”, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, pp. 10-13, 2000
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.