Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Akibat Kontaminasi Tembaga Pada Pipa Baja Api 5L x70 Dengan Pengelasan Busur Rendam[Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Caused By Copper Contamination On Api 5l X 70 Steel Processed By Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)]

budi priyono surbia

Abstract

Dalam studi ini, telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap kegagalan berupa penetrasi logam tembaga ke dalam logam lasan jenis  baja karbon  paduan rendah (C-Mn-Mo)  yang menyebabkan retak pada proses pembuatan pipa dengan pengelasan busur rendam atau SAW (submerged arc welding). Kegagalan tersebut dikenal sebagai liquid metal embrittlement (LME). Dalam penelitian ini, kegagalan LME disebabkan oleh kualitas lapisan tembaga, dimana LME ditandai dengan adanya bercak merah pada permukaan logam lasan. Mekanisme kegagalan LME yang telah dipelajari dalam penelitian ini adalah lapisan tembaga pada elektroda teroksidasi membentuk senyawa CuO, terbawa ke dalam logam cair, dan muncul ke permukaan logam lasan. Senyawa CuO tersebut kemudian tereduksi kembali oleh terak  menjadi logam Cu dalam kondisi cair. Pada kondisi inilah akan terjadi penetrasi logam tembaga ke dalam logam lasan melalui batas butir yang dikenal dengan nama liquid metal embrittlement (LME). Dari hasil penelitian, kegagalan LME dalam penelitian ini lebih disebabkan oleh kualitas lapisan elekroda las yang terlampau kuat, seharusnya lapisan tembaga lepas atau pecah sebelum masuk ke dalam busur lasan dan terperangkap dalam terak cair sebagai pengotor.

 

Abstract

In this study, we conducted a study of failures in the form of copper metal penetration into the metal welds
low-alloy carbon steel (C-Mn-Mo) which caused cracking in the process of making pipe with submerged arc
welding or SAW (submerged arc welding). Such failures are known as liquid metal embrittlement (LME). In
this study, the failure is caused by the quality LME copper layer, where LME characterized by red spot on
the surface of the weld metal. LME failure mechanisms that have been studied in this research is a copper
layer on the electrode is oxidized to form CuO compounds, brought into the molten metal, and surface weld
metal. CuO compounds are then reduced again by the slag to metallic Cu in a liquid state. In this condition
will occur metallic copper penetration into the weld metal through the grain boundaries which are known as
liquid metal embrittlement (LME). From the research, LME failure in this study was due to the strong effect
of the welding electrodes coating, the copper layer should be separated or broken before entering into an arc
welds and trapped in the molten slag as an impurity.

Keywords

Las busur rendam (SAW); Penggetasan dari logam cair (LME); Kontaminasi tembaga; Pipa baja API 5L X 70; Submerged arc welding(SAW); Liquid metal embrittlement (LME); Copper penetration; API 5L X 70 steel pipe

References

ASM International, “ASM Handbook,” Vol.6, Welding, Brazing, and Soldering . USA, 1995.

Dillon.,C.P., “Corrosion Control in the Chemical Process Industries, ” MC Graw - Hill Book Company, Toronto , pp. 67 – 68, 1986.

ASTM Standards 2000, “ Volume 02.05, Section 2 Nonferrous Metal Products,” American Society For Testing And Materials , 1999.

AWS , “ Spesification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Flux For Submerged Arc Welding ,” AWS specification ., A5.23- 90, 1997.

W.F. Savage, E.F. Nippes, and M.C. Mushala, “ Liquid Metal Embrittlement of The Heat Affected Zone by Copper Contamination,” Welding Research Supplement ., August, pp. 237 -245, 1978.

ASM, “ Metals Hand Book ,” Vol. II, Non - Ferrous Metals., American Society for Metals , Ohio, 1990.

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